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Showing posts from April, 2021

Mutual funds (COMMERCE)

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  MUTUAL FUNDS INTRODUCTION Mr John father of four children entered a fruit shop. He wanted to make his family happy. As everyone in the family is of different age and taste, John decides to customize a basket rather than buying only one fruit. So, for his wife, he took some strawberries as she is expected to bake a cake by evening. For his Elder child, he puts in Banana as he is into building muscles and gain mass. For his second child, he takes apples as he was not doing well. For his daughter, he took mango as she has a sweet tooth. And lastly, he took Watermelon for his fourth child. John made sure to get a maximum return by diversifying his money in a customized basket. Similarly, a  Mutual   fund  can be seen as an investment car where many investors pool their savings/money to earn return the capital over a period. The pool of funds is managed by a professional called  fund manager who is responsible to invest it in different securities and assets. The ga...

Steps of developing a Computer aided instruction module (B.ED)

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  Computer-Aided Instruction: Steps for Implementation The steps for implementation of computer-aided instruction are actually guidelines for the general use of computer software for instructional purposes. Thus, the steps for the use of specific software will vary according to the instructions that accompany purchased software. The general guidelines for implementing computer-aided instruction are described in this resource. Step 1. Id entifying the Target of Instruction   1. Practitioners/adults refer to a learner’s IEP or IFSP to identify the learner’s goals. 2. Practitioners/adults discuss goals with IEP/IFSP team members, family, and learner. 3. Practitioners/adults select a goal that will be the target of instruction and operationalize it so that it is be observable and measurable. The first step in implementing computer-aided instruction is to identify the skills or behaviors that you want to teach via the computer. The learner’s Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP...

Computer Assisted Instruction (B.ED)

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  COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION(CAI) Introduction   In the early stages of development, computers were involved only in simple tasks such as performing calculations. Although computer technology has made tremendous progress, computers still are a long way from meeting the needs and expectations of many people. The development of artificial intelligence is a promising stage in computer technology development. Despite advances in areas such as expert systems, much of what is done remains at a relatively primitive level. Computers are currently being used in education in six common categories: (1) introducing students to the use of computers,  (2) programming instruction,  (3) drill and practice,  (4) recreational games,  (5) administrative uses, and  (6) word processing.  1 The primary purpose of this paper is to define and present the key concepts of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) in the educational process. The basics of CAI must be understoo...

Accounting (COMMERCE)

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  ACCOUNTING 1. What is Accounting? Accounting is recording and summarizing all the financial transactions. Other than accounting is  “Language of the business is known as Accounting.” 2. Basic Accounting Principles Rules adopted universally to record financial transactions is known as an accounting principle .   Accounting principles, concepts and conventions are known as  GAAP – General Accepted Accounting Principles . These principles are the guidelines for preparing Financial Statements.  Accounting principles classified into 2 categories: Accounting Concept Accounting Conventions a. Accounting Concept:   In order to make accounting more meaningful, the accountants agreed on a large number of assumptions, which are usually followed to prepare a financial statement. The accounting concepts have the following points: Business Entity Concept:  According to this concept,  Business  and  Owner  are two separate entities from the...

अभीक्रमित अनुदेशन सामग्री के विकास के पद (बी. एड)

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अभीक्रमित अनुदेशन सामग्री के विकास के पद  अंतर्वस्तु 1. उद्देश्य 2. परिचय 3. क्रमादेशित सामग्री के चरण उद्देश्य  इस विषय के माध्यम से जाने के बाद, छात्र निम्नलिखित में सक्षम होंगे: =क्रमबद्ध अध्ययन के चरणों का वर्णन करें। =घटना की तैयारी में चीजों को इंगित करें। परिचय पिछले विषय में हमने प्रोग्रामिंग के प्रकारों पर चर्चा की। अब, उपर्युक्त विषय का मुख्य जोर क्रमादेशित निर्देश सामग्री के विकास पर होगा - एक विशिष्ट कार्य का अध्ययन करने के लिए बनाया गया क्रमादेशित। विकसित सामग्री के चरण क्रमबद्ध अध्ययन एक अत्यधिक विशिष्ट कार्य का निर्माण है। रचना को तीन प्रमुख चरणों में विभाजित किया गया है, ये निम्नलिखित हैं: - 1. प्रारंभिक चरण। 2. विकासात्मक चरण। 3. मूल्यांकन चरण 1. पूर्व भुगतान प्रोग्राम किए गए अध्ययन से पहले कार्यक्रम का पहला चरण तैयारी है। निम्नलिखित पोस्ट शामिल हैं- = विषय या इकाइयों का चयन क्रमादेशित होना A.प्रकरण का शीर्षक या कार्यक्रम बनाएं यदि चयनित है, तो निम्नलिखित विचार उसकी पसंद होना चाहिए- I. प्रथम प्रकरण या किसी कार्यक्रम का शीर्षक उपलब्ध नहीं है? II किसी अन्य विधि ...

Consumer Protection Act (COMMERCE)

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  Consumer Protection Act, 1986 This Act was enacted for the protection of the interests of the consumers in India. It has the mechanism for redressal of the grievances of the consumers through consumer councils and other authorities. This is considered as the 'Magna Carta' in the field of consumer protection and checking of unfair trade practices. It also deals with the issues of defects in the goods and deficiency in services. Features: The Consumer Protection Act applies to all goods and services until and unless the Union Government exempts it. The Consumer Protection Act covers all public, private and cooperative sectors. Provisions are compensatory in nature. It educates consumers against exploitation. It provides justice to aggrieved customers. Consumer Protection Councils are being established and has also been established at national, state and district levels. Protection of the rights of the consumers is the key objectives of the central council.  This purpose is ach...

Steps of devlopment of a Programmed Instruction Material (B.ED)

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE  PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION MATERIAL   CONTENTS   1. Objective  2. Introduction  3. Steps of programmed material  OBJECTIVES  After going through this topic, students will be able to:   Describe the steps of programmed study.   Point out the things in preparation for the event.  INTRODUCTION  In previous topic we discussed types of programming. Now, the main thrust of the above topic will be on development of programmed instruction material -- Programmed built to study a specific task.  STEPS OF PROGRAMMED MATERIAL  Programmed study is the creation of a highly specialized task. The composition is divided into three major phases, these are followings:-  1. Preparatory phase.  2. Developmental phase.  3. Evaluative phase 1. PREPARATORY PHASE  The first step of the program before creating programmed study is preparation. The following post Including—  A. Selection of the Topic or Unit...