Adjustment (Psychology of teaching and learning) B.ED Notes

 

Adjustment 

·        The word ‘Adjustment’ mean ‘to fit’, ‘make suitable’, ‘adapt’ etc.

·        Adjustment is the process through which a person tries to strike balance between his requirements (need, desires, and urges) and varying life situations.

·        Webster: “adjustment is the establishment of a satisfactory relationship, as representing harmony, conformance, adaptation or the like”.

·        C. V. Good: “Adjustment is the process of finding and adopting modes of behaviour suitable to the environment or the changes in the environment”.

·        Shaffer: “Adjustment is the process by which a living organism maintains a balance between its needs and the circumstances that influence the satisfaction of these needs”.

·        Adjustment is a process that helps a person to lead a happy and contented life while maintaining a balance between his needs and his capacity to fulfill them.

Nature of Adjustment

·        It is a continues process

·        Two-way process

Not only the process of fitting oneself into available circumstances but also the process of changing the circumstances to fit one’s needs.

·        It is the process of need reduction

·        It is an achievement

·        It beings happiness, efficiency and some degree of social feelings

·        It involves psychological and physiological problems.

Area of adjustment

·        Health and physical environment

·        Finance, living conditions and employment

·        Social and recreational activities

·        Sex and marriage

·        Social psychological relation

·        Personal psychological relations

·        Moral and religious

·        Home and family

·        Future – vocational and educational

·        Adjustment to school and college work

·        Curriculum and teaching.

Measurement of Adjustment

·        Testing techniques

·        Projective techniques

·        Inventory techniques

·        Sociometric techniques

·        Scaling techniques

·        Bell’s adjustment inventory by- Hungh M. Bell

·        Asthana’s Adjustment inventory – H.S. Asthana.

Characteristics of a Well-adjusted Person

·        Awareness of his own strength and limitation

·        Respecting himself and others

·        An adequate level of aspiration

·        Satisfaction of basic needs

·        Absence of a critical or fault-finding attitude

·        Flexibility in behaviour

·        The capacity to deal with adverse circumstances.

·        A realistic perception of the world.

·        A feeling of case with his surroundings.